Pakistan’s Real Estate: A Sleeping Giant Ready to Awaken?

Pakistan’s real estate sector is poised to become a regional investment hub by implementing strategic reforms such as digital land records, title insurance, provincial real estate regulators, and special economic zones (SEZs). However, achieving this requires policy consistency and governance stability, according to The News article citing US-based real estate investor Dr. Anosh Ahmed.

Current Landscape and Contributions

The real estate market is the second-largest employment generator after agriculture and plays a crucial role in economic development. According to a report by House Building Finance Company (HBFC), Pakistan’s construction sector contributes over 2.5% to the GDP, while the real estate sector is valued at more than $1 trillion, outperforming other major industries in the economy.
This sector also stimulates demand in over 40 ancillary industries, including cement, steel, and transportation, further solidifying its role in national economic growth.

Growth Potential and Housing Demand

Pakistan’s real estate market has immense potential, with projections estimating it could reach USD 1.49 trillion in value. This growth is primarily driven by increasing urbanization and infrastructure development. However, the country faces a housing deficit of 700,000 units annually, while only about half of this demand is currently met, according to independent data.

Key Challenges

Despite its promising outlook, several systemic challenges hinder the real estate sector’s growth:

Lack of Transparency and Clear Land Ownership Records
The traditional system of land records increases litigation and discourages institutional and foreign investors. Experts identify this as a major barrier preventing large-scale real estate investments, as reported by The News.

Regulatory Inconsistencies Across Provinces
Differing regulations create confusion and delays, limiting large-scale development and reducing investor confidence.

Financial Constraints and Limited Mortgage Options
Mortgage penetration remains low compared to regional benchmarks, restricting access to financing for both developers and buyers.

Urban Planning Issues
The absence of reliable zoning laws and master plans has led to unplanned urban sprawl, further deterring investors.

Political and Economic Instability
Currency depreciation and inconsistent policies increase perceived risk, discouraging long-term foreign investment.

Strategic Measures for Sector Growth
To overcome these challenges and foster sustainable growth, experts recommend:

Digitalization of Land Records & Title Insurance
Implementing digital systems and title insurance will enhance transparency and reduce fraudulent transactions. The Punjab government has already initiated an electronic system for land deed registration.

Establishment of Provincial Real Estate Regulatory Authorities
Similar to Dubai’s Real Estate Regulatory Agency (RERA), these bodies can standardize regulations, protect stakeholders, and improve investor confidence.

Expansion of Special Economic Zones (SEZs)
Creating SEZs with streamlined approval processes and tax incentives can attract foreign developers. The Rashakai SEZ, developed under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), is an example of how dedicated zones can facilitate investment.

Encouraging Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)
Collaboration between the government and private sector can mobilize resources for housing and infrastructure projects, addressing Pakistan’s housing shortage.

Ensuring Policy Stability and Governance Consistency
Regulatory shifts and political disruptions have historically undermined investor confidence. Experts stress that consistency is crucial to transforming Pakistan into a regional real estate investment hub.

Investment Trends and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
Foreign investment in Pakistan’s real estate sector has shown mixed trends. While FDI fell by 45% year-on-year in February 2025, totaling $95 million, cumulative FDI from July to February of the fiscal year increased by 41% to $1.618 billion, according to data from the State Bank of Pakistan.

The construction sector attracted a net FDI of $13.8 million during this period, down from $18.3 million in the previous year. Experts argue that this decline reflects investor concerns over policy inconsistencies and economic instability.

Conclusion

Pakistan’s real estate sector holds the potential to drive economic growth and address the country’s housing deficit. However, achieving this requires structural reforms focused on transparency, regulatory consistency, and investor protection. By implementing digital land records, SEZs, and real estate regulatory authorities—while maintaining stable policies—Pakistan can position itself as a leading investment destination in South Asia.